Thailand Energy Report 2015
Thailand Energy Report 2015
“In 2015, Energy production in Thailand decreased, resulting in more imports to meet domestic demand. The final energy consumption increased by 4.0% because the Thai economy started to recover (GDP grew by 2.8%) while the energy prices are in a downtrend due to the oversupply of oil, natural gas and coal in the world market. The prices of Diesel, Gasoline and Gasohol increased from the low level. The jet fuel consumption increased by the number of foreign tourists. The foreign Tourists were 29.9 million increases about 5 million people compare to previous year. The electricity consumption increased because the longer period of hot weather occurred and the expansion of the business sector is another key factor that affected the increasing electricity consumption in 2015.
The commercial primary energy production was at 1,026 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day, down by 4.3%. Production of lignite decreased due to the reduction of Mae Moh power plant and industrial sectors demand. The hydroelectric decreased as well from the decreased of water reserve and the lower rain fall compared to the same period last year.
The net primary energy imported stood at 1,251 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day. It is increase by 6.8%. The net import of energy was increased, In particular, the electricity imported that increased because the starting of electric supply from Hongsa power plant in Lao PDR., in February 2015. The import of natural gas increased since August 2014 by the selling of natural gas from the Zortica in Myanmar together with the increasing of LNG imports.
The final energy consumption was 1,420 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day, or 4.0% up, according to Thailand's economy grew at 2.8%. it is a result of government stimulus policies that enhance the consumption and investment within the country. The 54% share of final energy
consumption is for petroleum products.
The value of energy imported was at 912,931 million baht, down 34.8%. The main factor that reduced energy imported value is the low of crude oil prices (crude oil has 65% share of the total Thailand energy imports) and the average price of imported crude oil in Thailand was at 54.3 US $ / BBL in 2015. The imported value of all kinds of energy reduced due to the reduction of energy prices except electricity and LNG imports increased because the expansion of imported volumes.
The value of energy exports stood at 218,472 million baht, down 31.3%, due in no crude exports from September 2557 to November 2558 in accordance with government policy.In December 2558, it began exporting crude oil from the Wassana Resource because the refineries in the country cannot be refined. The exported petroleum product price was lower compared to the previous year.
Energy Prices
Dubai crude oil price in December 2015 is averaged at 34.6 USD / BBL but the average price of 2015 was at 50.8 USD / BBL. The crude oil price was fluctuated because of the over oil supply that was affected by the slowdown of global economy growth and the levelize of oil production to maintain the market share of OPEC and Russia aAnd the El Nino phenomenon, resulting in temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, higher than normal levels in the winter.
In December 2015, gasoline retail prices in the ASEAN region fell by almost countries except Brunei that has fixed prices. The retail price of diesel dropped by the whole region.
The price of LPG (CP) in December 2015 was 466 US $ / ton increase from the previous month in November 2015, which is at 411 US $ / ton. The retail price of LPG in the month of December 2015 stood at 22.29 baht / kg. This price was freeze in order to low down effect of the cost of living.
LNG prices in the world market dropped from oversupply in the world market and as a result of the weather in the East are not very cold, like every year. The oil price is low so it was used to replace some LNG in some country.
Crude oil supply is 1,028 thousand barrels per day by 85% of imports. The 8.8% increase in imports, mainly from Middle East countries. The rest is domestic production rose 10.0%, the refining capacity of the country stood at 1,252 thousand barrels per day. Crude was used in Refining for 90% of the refining capacity..
Petroleum products consumption is at 132 million liters per day, up 4.3%.
The diesel consumption is at 60.1 million liters per day accounted for 46% of all petroleum products. It is increased 4.1% by the prices reduction.
The consumption of gasoline and diesel fuel was at 26.4 million liters per day. Accounted for 20% of all petroleum products consumption. The demand rose to 13.2% due to the low oil prices that encourage the auto LPG and NGV users turning to use more oil because it is cheaper and more convenient evenly over the service station.
Jet fuel consumption was at 16.5 million liters per day, up 9.4% from the expansion in tourism sector. In 2015, the foreign tourists come to visit at 29.9 million people, up from about 5 million from the years ago.
The LPG consumption was at 6,695 thousand tons, down 10.9%, the consumption of LPG in several sector will be described as follow;
Petrochemical industry (As raw material) accounted for most of the 32% decrease of 20.6% from the slowdown of downstream industries and the export sector is still shrinking.
Households sector accounted for 31%, down 4.3%, it was a result from the adjusting retail LPG prices structure to reflect actual costs, that effected the prices in household sector higher than the last year prices so there was no motive to smuggle LPG.
Automobile consumption fell 12.3% due to lower oil prices resulting that some users turn to oil instead of LPG.
Industry consume 3.0% up compared to the previous year by adjusting the price to equal the household and transportation sector price.
The refineries self-consumption increased to 50.6% due to excess LPG from other sector.
Natural Gas
The natural gas consumption was at 4764 million cubic feet per day, up by 2.0%. It is increased 4.3% for electricity generation (share of NG for electricity generation is about 60%) while the consumption of NG in other sector were slowdown especially in the consumption as NGV that decreased by 4.1% from the price increased from last year. Another factor that affected to decrease NG consumption is the decreasing of oil price. The fell down of oil price and some limitation of NGV service station make some of NGV car owner convert their engine to use oil instead of NGV. There are only 500 NGV stations in the whole country at the end of December 2015.
Lignite / Coal
The supply of lignite / coal was at 37.1 million tons, down by 4.7% compared to previous year. Lignite production decreased by 15.7% from the domestic demand reduction. While imports of coal increased 4.8% by the increasing of the industrial sector consumption.
- The lignite consumption was at 15.1 million tons, down 17.8%. This is because of the decreasing in electricity production of Mae Moh power plant that was affected by limitations of the transmission line. Another reason was the feeding electricity in the transmission system of Hongsa power plant in February 2015 and the decreased of electricity consumption in the industrial sector.
The imported coal consumption was at 21.9 million tons, up 5.0%. The consumption is mainly in the industrial sector, which rose 11.4%, to replace lignite. While the imported coal consumption decreased in electric generation sector.
Electricity
The generation power in the electrical system at the end of December 2015 was at 38,815 MW (excluding the production of electricity from power plants VSPP). The EGAT has a maximum production capacity (40%), followed by the IPP (38 %), SPP (13%) and import / foreign exchange (9%).
Electricity production was at 192,189 GWh (including the generation from VSPP) increased 3.3%. The fuels used to produce electricity are natural gas (67%), renewable energy (5%). The Production of electricity by RE increased 10.4% compared to last year. This is because of the promotion of RE in electricity generation of Ministry of Energy.
The Net Peak Generation Requirement occurred at 27,346 MW on Thursday, June 11, 2015 at 14:02 hrs. It is up 1.5% compared to last year, due to the hot weather for a long time, resulting in peak shift from April or May to be June this year.
Power consumption was 174,834 GWh, increased 3.7% from the hot weather, and the expansion of the business sector especially in Tourism and construction sector. While the electricity consumption in the industrial sector was slowly increase because of a contraction of exports that impacted by the low expansion of global economy. Also the electricity consumption increased by nearly all economic sectors except for use in agriculture decreased due to serere drought.
CO2 emissions in energy consumptions
In 2015, a CO2 emission from energy consumption was at 254 million tons of CO2 increased by 1.6%. CO2 emissions came from the transportation, industrial and other economic sectors (including households, agriculture and commerce), while the CO2 emissions is reduced in electricity production. The CO2 emissions per energy consumption was at 1.96 tons of CO2 per KTOE. It is lower than the world average in 2013, which stood at 2.40 tons of CO2 per KTOE.
Data as of March 10, 2016